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Common Liver Tests
Which liver Tests Are Most Frequently Performed ?
A series of specialised blood tests makes it frequently possible to assess whether or not the liver is inflamed, damaged, or working adequately. These tests can help differentiate between cholestasis and hepatitis, an infection or inflammation of the liver, as well as between acute and chronic liver problems (disruption in the formation of or obstruction in the flow of bile).
The following are some of the most typical blood tests:
Functional Tests
This test can help in the diagnosis of liver illness by determining the blood’s level of albumin, a protein. Low albumin levels could be a sign that the liver is not working properly.
Serum bilirubin test
The blood bilirubin levels are determined by this test. The liver produces bilirubin, which is then expelled in bile. Increased levels of bilirubin may be a sign that the liver is having trouble digesting bile or that bile flow is obstructed.
Hepatic Enzymes
Aspartate transaminase (AST) test
The aspartate transaminase level is determined by this test. This is an enzyme that is released into the bloodstream as a result of liver or cardiac issues. It is present in the liver, kidneys, pancreas, heart, skeletal muscle, and red blood cells. After severe liver cell destruction, this enzyme is released into the bloodstream.
Alanine transaminase (ALT) test
The alanine aminotransferase level is determined by this test. After severe liver cell destruction, this enzyme, which is mostly located in the liver, is released into the bloodstream. This test may be carried out to evaluate the treatment of acute liver diseases such as hepatitis or to examine liver function.
Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase test
This test assesses the level of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. The liver, pancreas, and biliary tract produce this enzyme. This test is frequently carried out to evaluate liver function, learn more about liver disorders, and identify alcohol consumption.
5′-nucleotidase test
The 5′-nucleotidase levels are measured by this test (an enzyme specific to the liver). When someone has a liver ailment, particularly one connected to cholestasis, their level of 5′-nucleotidase is increased. This is a block in the flow of bile or an interruption in its production.
Serum alkaline phosphatase test
Alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme that is measured in the blood with this test. The liver, biliary system, and bones have the largest quantities of alkaline phosphatase, although it is present in many other tissues as well. This examination may be carried out to evaluate the health of the liver and identify abnormalities, such as tumours or abscesses, that could clog the bile ducts.
Additional Diagnostic Tests
Serum alpha-1 antitrypsin test
The alpha-1 antitrypsin levels in the blood are determined by this test. This test is used to detect cirrhosis, a rare form of liver illness that affects both children and adults, as well as a rare form of emphysema in adults.
Alpha-fetoprotein test
A particular blood protein called alpha-fetoprotein is produced by malignancies and foetal tissue. This test may be used to assess the likelihood of developing primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma). Additionally, it is done to assess the success of treatment in cases of particular malignancies, like hepatomas (a type of liver cancer).
Mitochondrial antibodies test
These antibodies can be a sign of various autoimmune diseases, including chronic active hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis.